JKSSB Class-IV Maths MCQs: Ratio, Percentage, Profit & Loss, Average

In the JKSSB Class-IV / MTS paper, Basic Mathematics carries 20 of 100 marks. The questions are short and use a small set of topics, so a few methods cover most of them.

Related reading: free JKSSB Class-IV & MTS mock test

1. Ratio and proportion

To divide an amount in a ratio, add the parts, then multiply each part by (amount ÷ total parts). ₹720 in the ratio 5 : 4: total 9 parts, one part = 80, so shares are 400 and 320. To join ratios, make the common term equal: a : b = 2 : 3 and b : c = 4 : 5 become 8 : 12 and 12 : 15, so a : c = 8 : 15.

2. Percentage

25% of 480 = 120 (one quarter). Increase from 80 to 100 is 20 ÷ 80 × 100 = 25%. Always divide by the original value.

3. Profit, loss and discount

• Cost ₹400, sold ₹460: profit 60 ÷ 400 = 15%
• Cost ₹250, sold ₹200: loss 50 ÷ 250 = 20%
• Marked ₹800, 10% discount: price = 800 − 80 = ₹720

4. Average

The average of 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 is 50 ÷ 5 = 10. If the average age of 4 people is 25 and a fifth person aged 30 joins, the new average is (100 + 30) ÷ 5 = 26.

5. Simple interest and simplification

SI on ₹5,000 at 6% for 2 years = 5,000 × 6 × 2 ÷ 100 = ₹600. In simplification, do brackets, orders, division/multiplication, then addition/subtraction: 15 + 6 × 4 − 9 = 15 + 24 − 9 = 30.

Worked examples

• Percentage: what is 15% of 240? 240 × 15 ÷ 100 = 36
• Percentage change: a price rises from ₹80 to ₹100. The increase is 20, so the percentage rise is 20 ÷ 80 × 100 = 25%
• Ratio: divide ₹1,200 between two people in the ratio 3 : 5. One part is 1,200 ÷ 8 = 150, so the shares are ₹450 and ₹750
• Proportion: if 6 pens cost ₹90, then 10 pens cost 90 ÷ 6 × 10 = ₹150
• Profit: an article bought for ₹250 is sold for ₹300. The profit is ₹50, and the profit percentage is 50 ÷ 250 × 100 = 20%
• Loss: an article bought for ₹400 is sold for ₹340. The loss is ₹60, and the loss percentage is 60 ÷ 400 × 100 = 15%
• Discount: a shirt marked at ₹800 is sold at a 10% discount. The selling price is 800 × 0.9 = ₹720

Formulas to memorise

• Percentage = part ÷ whole × 100
• Profit = selling price − cost price, and Loss = cost price − selling price
• Profit % = profit ÷ cost price × 100, and Loss % = loss ÷ cost price × 100
• Selling price = cost price × (100 + profit %) ÷ 100
• Discount is calculated on the marked price

Short methods

Learn the common fractions as percentages: 1/2 = 50%, 1/4 = 25%, 1/5 = 20%, 1/8 = 12.5%, 1/10 = 10%, 3/4 = 75%. Then 12.5% of 640 is 640 ÷ 8 = 80, with no multiplication. For successive percentage changes, use multiplication of factors: a 20% rise followed by a 10% fall gives 1.2 × 0.9 = 1.08, a net 8% rise.

Typical Class-IV question styles

Class-IV questions are direct and use small numbers. They ask for a percentage of a quantity, a simple share, a unit cost, or a profit or loss percentage. Accuracy matters more than speed, so check each answer by estimation. If an answer is far from your estimate, recheck the arithmetic.

A practice plan

• Day 1: percentage, 20 questions
• Day 2: ratio and proportion, 20 questions
• Day 3: profit, loss and discount, 20 questions
• Day 4: a mixed set of 30 questions in 30 minutes, then a review of every error

Practise

Use the 12 MCQs below, then take topic tests for Class-IV. The first Easy set of every topic is free; a free account unlocks the rest. Pattern and marks: Class-IV / MTS syllabus. Other posts: which subjects to study first.